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標(biāo)題: 遼寧東寶38萬噸散貨總段分段氣囊下水施工方案計劃書 [打印本頁]
作者: jimosea 時間: 2024-1-27 10:12
標(biāo)題: 遼寧東寶38萬噸散貨總段分段氣囊下水施工方案計劃書
一、38萬噸散貨船分段技術(shù)參數(shù)：SHIP SECTION PARTICULARS
分段長度LENGTH：65M
分段型寬WIDTH：25、28M米各一個EACH（按25米計算ACCORDING TO 25M）
分段型深DEPTH：30米M
分段重量WEIGHT：04#：W=3958.86T 05#:W=3818.01T
重心高度GM：04#:G=13.56M 05#:G=13.89M
設(shè)計吃水DRAFT：04#:T=2.11M 05#:=2.34M
坡道SLOPE:1:80 1:60 1:28 1:14
二、幾點建議SUGGESTIONS
1、建造墩的高度不能超過0.90米.
SUPPORTING BLOCK WILL BE LESS THAN 0.9M
2、增設(shè)三組50T錨點和兩組20T卷揚(yáng)機(jī)錨點（見圖）。
ADD 3 50T TOWING POINT AND 2 SET WINCH(SEE THE DRAWING)
3、建造墩的位置應(yīng)橫平豎直，間距不小于3米，便于布設(shè)氣囊。
SUPPORTING BLOCK WILL BE CROSSVISE ,THE SPACE WILL BE MORE THAN 3M.
三：船體下水過程中氣囊基本數(shù)據(jù)：AIRBAG PARTICULAR AT LAUNCHING
1、 施工中擬采用50條直徑1.80米,長度10米高壓氣囊，其中34條頂升及滾動作業(yè)，16
DURING THE PROCRSS OF LUNCHING SECTING THE AIR BAG WILL USE 50PCS DIA:1.8M.LENGTH 10M.AND 30 PCS WILL ACT AS LIFTING AND ROLLING,17PCS WILL WORK AS LINK.
條氣囊備用倒接，每條氣囊承載負(fù)荷為W。按34條整體頂升計算。
PER AIRBAG LOADING STRESS WILL BE “W”.THEN CALCULATE THE TOTAL STRESS:
W頂= G/N = 4200T/34條 =123.5T/條
“W”SUPPORTING”= G/N = 3960T/34PCS =116.4T/PC
G：船體總質(zhì)量 N：實際承載氣囊數(shù)量
G:TATAL SECTION WEIGHT N
UANTITY OF AIRBAG
2、 頂升撤墩作業(yè)，氣囊工作狀態(tài)。（建造墩高度90cm按頂升高度95cm，氣囊按Φ1.8×10m核算）
LIFTING AND TAKE OUT PEDESTAL WHEN AIRBAG IS WORKING. (THE DESIGN HEIGHT OF PEDESTAL IS 90cm WHILE LIFTING HEIGHT IS 95cm. THE SIZE OF AIRBAG IS Φ1.8×10m)
3、
| | 氣囊承載面寬度THE WIDTH OF BASE（M） | | 條氣囊舉力LIFTING CAPACITY OF PER TAPE AIRBAG(T) | 實際工作壓強(qiáng)ACTUAL WORKING PRESSURE (MPa) | 額定工作壓強(qiáng)RATED WORKING PRESSURE (MPa) |
船舶工程專用氣囊THE SPECIFAL AIFBAG OF SHIP ENGINEERING | | | | | | |
結(jié)論：氣囊頂升作業(yè)中，實際承受的壓強(qiáng)小于額定工作壓力，故頂升操作安全可靠。
CONCLUSION: LIFTING OPERATE IS SAFE AND RELIABLE BECAUSE ACTUAL WORKING PRESSURE OF AIR BAG IS LOWER THAN RATED PRESSURE.
3、前移作業(yè)氣囊工作狀態(tài)（按運(yùn)行高度80cm核算）
FC=Q.g.sinα-μ.Q.g.COSα+Q.V/T
Q 船體重量 SHIP WEIGHT KN
g 重力加速度 ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY 9.8
Nc 為滑輪組鋼絲繩道數(shù)；THE NUMBER OF STEEL WIRE ROPE OF ASSEMBLY PULLEY
β 為鋼絲繩與坡道牽引夾角。THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE ROPE AND RAMP.
α 坡道水平夾角0.72度RAMP ANGLE 0.72°
μ 氣囊滾動摩擦系數(shù)ROLLING FRICTION COEFFICIENT OF AIRBAG (0.01-0.015)
船體重量SHIP WEIGHT：3900噸TON
分段在1：80的坡道上 ， 下滑力:487.5KN
SECTION IN THE RAMP OF 1:80, SLIDING FORCE: 487.5KN
分段在1：60的坡道上 ， 下滑力:650KN
SECTION IN THE RAMP OF 1:60, SLIDING FORCE: 650KN
在實際的操作中，由于受氣囊角度、壓力、風(fēng)向、風(fēng)力等外界方面影響，氣囊的滾動
摩擦系數(shù)μ在0.01-0.015之間變化.且船體由靜態(tài)變?yōu)閯討B(tài)時要克服靜摩擦需要較大的外力。
THE ROLLING FRICTION COEFFICIENT OF AIFBAG CHANGES IN BETWEEN 0.01-0.015 BECAUSE OF THE EFFECT OF BALLOON ANGLE, PRESSURE, WIND POWER AND WIND DIRECT ECT. THIS NEEDS A LARGER FORCE WHEN SHIP MOVES FROM STATIC.
分段在1:80的坡道上SECTION IN THE RAMP OF 1:80
1、 摩擦系數(shù)μ取0.01時WHEN FRICTION COEFFICIENT IS 0.01
下滑力SLIDING FORCE:487.5KN
摩擦力FRICTION FORCE:390 KN
后牽力REAR TRACTIVE FORCE：97.5KN
2、摩擦系數(shù)μ取0.015時WHEN FRICTION COFFICIENT IS 0.015
下滑力SLIDING FORCE:487.5KN
摩擦力FRICITON FORCE:585KN
后牽力REAR TRACTIVE FORCE：-97.5KN（需前牽TRACTIVE FORCE IN FORE）
分段在1:60的坡道上SECTION IN THE RAMP OF 1:60
1、摩擦系數(shù)μ取0.01時WHEN FRICTION COFFICIENT IS 0.01
下滑力SLIDING FORCE:650KN
摩擦力FRICTION FORCE:390 KN
后牽力REAR TRACTIVE FORCE：260KN
2、摩擦系數(shù)μ取0.015時WHEN FRICTION COFFICIENT IS 0.015
下滑力SLIDING FORCE:650KN
摩擦力FRICTION FORCE:585KN
后牽力REAR TRACTIVE FORCE：65 KN
在下水操作過程中安全期間后牽取最大值260KN
FOR SAFETY DURING OPERATEING IN THE WATER, THE REAR TRACTIVE FORCE WITH MAXIMUM 260KN
主后牽卷揚(yáng)機(jī)MAIN REAR TRACTIVE WINCH：200 KN，鋼索道數(shù)NUMBER OF CABLE：3道TAPE，總牽引力GROSS TRACTIVE FORCE :600kN
600KN÷260KN=2.30倍TIMES(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為1.25倍STANDARD IS 1.25 TIMES)
下水速度SPEED OF SHIP LAUNCHING：1. 0米/分m/min
結(jié)論: 在1：80坡道上分段需要前牽，在1：60坡道上后牽力滿足需要。
CONCLUSION: IT NEEDS FRONT TRACTIVE IN THE SECTION OF 1:80 RAMP, REAR TRACTION IN SECTION OF 1:60RAMP.
四：準(zhǔn)備工作PREPARATION WORK
1：船體牽引點設(shè)置SET TRACTIVE POSITION OF HULL
下水分段尾部（習(xí)慣上入水端為首部）強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)上設(shè)計兩個50噸眼板做為主后牽，高度在3米左右，間距大于1米小于4米。在下水船體一側(cè)（左右都可，與卷揚(yáng)機(jī)位置一致）船艉10米的位置設(shè)一個35T眼板，做為主前牽，高度在3米左右的強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)上。
DESIGN TWO 50t EYE BRACKETS IN THE STRONG STRUCTURE OF TAIL OF SHIP SECTION LAUNCHING. (GENERALLY THE LAUNCHING END IS CALLED HEADER). THE HEIGHT OF EYE BRACKET IS 3m; SPACE IS BETWEEN 1-4m. SET A 35t EYE BRACKETS AS MAJOR FRONT TRACTION IN THE STRONG STRUCTURE OF SECTION SIDE (LEFT OF RIGHT, ON THE SAME SIDE WITH WINCH).
2：卷揚(yáng)機(jī)固定錨點的設(shè)置SET THE POSITION FOR FIXING OF WINCH.
見拖曳示意圖 SEE THE PICTURE OF DRAGGING
3：浮態(tài)計算FLOATING STATE CALCULATION
按葫蘆島五、六、七、八、九、十月份當(dāng)?shù)卮蟪背备?.50米左右，安全期間按3.30米計算，入水端吃水2.353米時浮力距等于重力距,船體艉浮.全浮位置在重心運(yùn)行到1：14坡道標(biāo)高1.46米位置.(見附圖)
IN HULUDAO, IN MAY, SPRING TIDES IS ABOUT 3.50m HIGH IN JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER. FOR SAFETY, SET HEIGHT OF TIDE 3.30m, LAUNCHING LENGTH IS 111.3m. BUOYANCY DISTANCE IS GREATER THAN GRAVITY TOUQUE. THE HULL IS FULL FLOATING WHEN THE WATER-SIDE DRAFT 3.56m. THE FULL FLOATING POSITION IN THE BARYCENTRE RUN TO THE 1:14 RAMP AND ELEVATION OF 1.46m (SEE PHOTO)
五：船體下水HULL LAUNCHING
船體移動分兩個階段：HULL MOVING CONSISTS OF TWO PHASES
一：先將船體移至最低潮位待潮。
1：MOVE HULL TO THE LOWEST POINT FOR WAITING TIDE.THE POSITION IS IN THE VARIABLE SLOPE RAMP DEPARTMENT OF 1:35 AND 1:14.
二：最高潮位時打開脫鉤器解除后牽，利用重力下滑完成下水。
2：HULL LANUCH BY GRAVITY WHEN REAR TRACTION IS LEFT FOR OPENING DECOUPLING DEVICE IN MAXIMUM WATER LEVER.
下水時必須采取快放的方式，因為下水速度慢就會使部分氣囊吐不出船底，氣囊的浮力會使船體左傾或右傾。
QUICK RELEASE MEANS SHOULD BE USED BECAUSE HULL WILL BALLOON LEFTIST OF RIGHTIST WHEN LOWER LANUCHING SPEED MAKE PART AIRBAG NOT SPIT OUT BOTTOM.
六、穩(wěn)性計算STABILITY CALCULATION
根據(jù)大連海事大學(xué)計算結(jié)果，船舶初穩(wěn)性所適用的角度范圍延伸至10o，分段的左右舷高度差為4.40米時，分段的傾斜角為10o。
ACCORDING TO THE CALCULATION OF DALIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY, AFTER THE LOADING OF BALLAST 500t, THE BARYCENTRE OF HULL IS REDUCED TO 13.01m FROM 14.58m. INTIAL STABILITY OF SHIP IS EXTENDED TO 10°.THE TILT ANGLE IS 10° WHEN HEIGHT DIFFERENCE OF SECTION BETWEEN LEFT AND RIGHT SIDE IS 4.40m.
分段在頂升、運(yùn)行過程中左右高度具有可控性，由于氣囊左右對稱分布，而且用氣囊壓力可以調(diào)整左右舷高度，左右舷高差完全可以控制在200mm以內(nèi)，左右舷高差200mm時，傾斜角度為0.008o，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于10o，故穩(wěn)定性是非常好的。
FOR SYMMETRICAL DISTRBUTION OF AIRBAG AND ADJUSTING THE HEIGHT OF LEFT AND RIGHT SIDE BY THE PRESSURE OF AIRBAG, THE HEIGHT DIFFERENCE CAN BE CONTROLED IN RANGE OF 200mm; AND THE TITLE ANGLE IS 0.008° FAR LESS THAN 10°. SECTION HAS WELL STABILITY DURING LIFTING AND OPERATING FOR THE CONTROLLABLE HEIGHT OF LEFT AND RIGHT.
分段在下水過程中所受的力為縱向力，對左右舷傾斜角沒有影響。
THE FORCE OF SECTION IN THE PROCESS OF LAUNCHING IS LONGITUDINAL FORCE WHICH HAVE NO EFFECT ON THE TILT ANGLE.
七：拖曳前的準(zhǔn)備Preparation for drag
1：準(zhǔn)備設(shè)備情況preparation of the facilities
氣 囊 50條， 直徑1.8米，長10米
AIRBAG 50, 1.8m in diameter, 10m in length
氣 帶 200米
BAND OF GAS 200m
壓 力 表 20臺
RESSURE GAGE 20UNITS
對 講 機(jī)INTERPHONE 十部10
氣 源氣泵AIR PUMP （船廠提供）(PROVIDED BY SHIPYARD)
卷 揚(yáng) 機(jī)HOISTER 200KN二組2UNITS
卷 揚(yáng) 機(jī)HOISTER 100KN二組2UNITS
滑 輪 組PULLEY 120T兩組 TWO SETS
脫 鉤 器 DETACHER 100T一臺 ONE SET
2：開始移動之前應(yīng)注意下面幾點：Notes before movement:
1：檢查船底及路面上是否有其他的障礙物，和堅硬石子等物品。
CHECK AND PURGE THE STUMBLING BLOCKS HARD STONES ON THE ROAD OF SHIP BOTTOM
2：檢查所有指揮人員，卷揚(yáng)機(jī)操作人員是否全部到位。
MAKE SURE COMMAND STUFF TAKE THEIR PLACE.
3：卷揚(yáng)機(jī)電氣及機(jī)械部分運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是否正常，氣囊壓力是否正常。
CHECK AND MAKE SURE ELECTRIC AND MECHANIC PARTS OF WINDLASS WORKS WELL, PRESSURE OF AIRBAG NOMAL.
4：保證空壓機(jī)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，氣帶保持良好的狀態(tài)。
MAKE SURE AIR COMPRESSOR WORKS WELL AND GAS BAND IN GOOD CONDITION.
5：無關(guān)人員全部撤離10米以外區(qū)域，同時檢查船底及周圍是否有滯留人員。
UNRELATED PERSONS WITHDRAW THE REGIONS OF 10m AND CHECK AND MAKE SURE NO PERSON UNDER THE SHIP.
3：船體的拖曳DRAG OF HULL
上述應(yīng)檢查的項目全部檢查完后指揮員方可下達(dá)牽引口令。
AFTER ALL CHECK ITEMS BE DONE, COMMANDER GIVE A DRAG COMMAND.
1：卷揚(yáng)機(jī)手要聽從指揮員的統(tǒng)一指揮。
OPERATOR OF WINDLASS MUST OBEY ORDER OF COMMANDER.
2：按規(guī)定擺好接續(xù)氣囊。
PUT THE AIRBAG FOLLOW REQUIRED.
3：船體牽引速度控制在1.5m/min之內(nèi)。
THE SPEED OF TRACTION IS WITHIN 1.5m/min.
4：牽引過程中，工作人員隨時檢查氣囊壓力的變化。
STAFF CHECK THE CHANGE OF PRESSURE OF AIRBAG DURING DRAGGING.
八：下水操作 LAUNCHING OPERATION
1：頂升撤墩：按照理論計算數(shù)量布置好氣囊，后牽卷揚(yáng)機(jī)收緊繩索，并達(dá)到計算牽引力（防止在坡道上下滑）。氣囊充氣頂升，全部氣囊充氣壓力達(dá)到設(shè)計壓力，船體頂起布置安全墩，撤出工作支墩。
LIFTING AND TAKING OUT SUPPORTING BLOCK: ACCORDING TO THE THEORETIC CALCULATED, ARRANGE AIRBAGS, AND THEN TAKE UP CABLE WIRE BY HOISTER. ALL AIRBAGS ARE AERATED TO DESIGN PRESSURE, THE HULL IS LIFT UP, FIXED THE SAFETY BLOCK, REMOVE WORKING SUPPORTING BLOCK.
2：調(diào)整氣囊壓力，達(dá)到行走狀態(tài)下的氣囊設(shè)計壓力，使船體達(dá)到設(shè)計工作高度。
ADJUST AIRBAG PRESSURE TO DESIGN PRESSURE OF WORKING CONDITION.LIFT HULL TO DESIGN HEIGHT.
3：檢查船底是否有較鋒利的石塊、金屬等物品，是否殘留造船過程中的金屬墩、木墊塊、焊條頭等物品。
CHACK AND PURGE SHARP BLOCKS, METAL, METAL BLOCK, WOODS AND WELDING RODS.
4：布置好接續(xù)氣囊。FIX UP FOLLOW AIRBAG.
5：下水行走過程中注意尾部吐出氣囊的放氣、首部吃進(jìn)氣囊的充氣工作。
DURING LUNCHING OPERATION, RELEASE THE AIR OF LEFT AIRBAGS WHILE AERATE THE INCOMING AIRBAGS.
上述工作準(zhǔn)備好后，可以進(jìn)行下水操作。
LUNCHING OPERATION CAN BE TAKEN AFTER ALL THE PREPARE WORKS.
九： 安全問題SECURITY PROBLEM
（1）操作安全及人身安全防范
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS OF PERSONAL SAFETY AND OPERATE.
主要注意以下幾點：MAIN ATTENTION TO THE FOLLOWING:
1：做好人員安全教育，提高全體人員的安全意識。
SAFETY EDUCATION IS USED TO IMPROVE THE SAFETY AWARENESS OF ALL STAFF.
2：在場的全體人員必須佩帶安全帽，勞保鞋，指揮人員要佩戴紅色袖標(biāo)以區(qū)別操作員工。無關(guān)人員嚴(yán)禁進(jìn)入操作區(qū)。
ALL PRESENT STAFF MUST WEAR HELMETS, PROTECTIVE SHOES AND COMMANDING OFFICERS WEAR A RED ARMBAND TO DISTINGUISH OPERATIONS STAFF.UNRELATED PERSONS PROHIBITED FROM ENTERING OPERATION AREA.
（2）對設(shè)備的安全檢查：SAFETY INSPECTIONS OF EQUIPMENT:
1：氣囊在使用之前，要逐一進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格檢查，對氣囊的表面檢查是否有傷痕，是否有氧化，充氣頭密封情況、是否有漏氣等現(xiàn)象。
THE INJURIES, OXIDATION, SEALING OF INFLATABLE HEAD IN SURFACE OF AIRBAG MUST BE CHECKED BEFORE USING.
2：對充氣系統(tǒng)的壓力監(jiān)視儀表，包括空壓機(jī)的壓力表，要逐一進(jìn)行試驗，指示要準(zhǔn)確。充氣閥門密封要好，不應(yīng)有漏氣現(xiàn)象。
CHECK MONITORING SYSTEM, INCLUDING THE AIR COMPRESSRO PRESSURE GAUGE ETC. TESTING ALL INSTRUMENTS OF INFLATION SYSTEM ONE BY ONE TO MAKE ACCURATELY. PNEUMATIC VALVE SEAL BETTER AND NO LEAKAGE.
3：充氣管以及與氣囊連接的氣帶，連接要緊密鎖緊，防止充氣中氣帶脫落。
IN ORDER TO PREVENT UNSATURATED ZONE OFF DURING INFLATING, THE CHECK CONNECTING GAS ZONE OF AIRBAG AND INFLATED TUBE TOCONNECT CLOSE LOCK.
（3）機(jī)電設(shè)備的安全問題
SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
1：所有設(shè)備必須全部做接地保護(hù)。
ALL EQUIPMENT MUST BE GROUND PROTECTED.
2：手持設(shè)備必須采用一機(jī)、一閘、一漏電保護(hù)的配電設(shè)備。
EACH HANDHELD EQUIPMENT HAS A INDEPENDENT POWER SWITCH AND ELECTRICAL LEAKAGE PROTECTION.
3：電動設(shè)備控制電源箱要安放在設(shè)備附近，便于操作的位置。
ELECTRIC POWER EQUIPMENT CONTROL BOX SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR EQUIPMENT TO OPERATE EASYLY.
4：設(shè)備開關(guān)保護(hù)整定電流要符合設(shè)備要求。
EQUIPMENT SWITCH PROTECTION CURRENT SETING TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS.
十、操作流程（利用一天兩個高潮位各下一條）
OPERATING PROCEDURES (LAUNCHING TWO SECTION USING TWO HIGH TIDES EACH DAY)
清掃船臺與船底------安裝前后牽眼板---固定前后牽引-----兩個分段同時擺設(shè)氣囊- -------充氣撤墩----再次清掃船底------將第一個分段溜放到低潮位線待潮-------最高潮位時解除后牽------重力下滑至全浮------回收氣囊-----完成第一個分段的下水作業(yè)------將第二個分段溜放到低潮位線待潮------最高潮位時解除后牽------重力下滑至全浮------回收氣囊-----完成第二個分段的下水作業(yè)。
CLEANING BERTH AND BOTTOM------INSTALL EYE BRACKETS FOR PULLING --- FIXED FRONT AND REAR TRACTION—PLACE AIRBAG OF TWO SECTION AT THE SAME TIME---GAS FILLED AND TAKE OUT SUPPORTING BLOCK---CLEANING BERTH AND BOTTOM AGAIN---FIRST SECTION IS SLIPPED INTO THE LOW TIDE LINE TO WAIT TIDE---RELEASE THE REAR TRACTIVE ON THE TIME OF MAXIMUM TIDE--- SLIDING TO FLOAT WHOLE BY GRAVITY---RECYCLING AIRBAG---COMPLETE LAUNCHING OPERATE OF FIRST SECTION--- SECOND SECTION IS SLIPPED INTO THE LOW TIDE LINE TO WAIT TIDE---RELEASE THE REAR TRACTIVE ON THE TIME OF MAXIMUM TIDE--- SLIDING TO FLOAT WHOLE BY GRAVITY---RECYCLING AIRBAG---COMPLETE LAUNCHING OPERATE OF SECOND SECTION.
十一、下水工程裝備器材一覽表：
LIST OF ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT FOR LAUNCHING
甲方提供：PROVIDED BY PART A:
品 名 NAME | 規(guī) 格 MODEL | 單 位 UNIT | 數(shù) 量 NUMBER | 備 注 REMARKS |
| | | | 吊運(yùn)卷揚(yáng)機(jī)LIFTING WINCH |
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| 按氣缸接到位 CONNECTED BY CYLINDERS |
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乙方準(zhǔn)備：PROVIDED BY PART B:
品 名 NAME | 規(guī) 格 MODEL | 單 位 UNIT | 數(shù) 量 NUMBER | 備 注 REMARKS |
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